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The annual FATF typologies exercise brings together experts from the law enforcement and regulatory authorities of FATF member countries to exchange information on significant money laundering cases and operations. It also provides a vital opportunity for operational experts to identify and describe current money laundering trends and effective counter-measures. Building on the analysis and lessons learned from earlier typologies work, the yearly exercise also attempts to examine a series of particular concerns in the money laundering area from the operational perspective. Although the FATF has conducted typologies exercises since its beginning, reports of this work have only been made public since the 1995 exercise (released in June 1996).
FATF-XVI (10 Juin 2005)
The FATF-XVI meeting of experts on typologies took place in December 2004 in Moscow and was chaired by Mr. Viktor ZUBKOV, Director of the Federal Service for Financial Monitoring of the Russian Federation (Rosfinmonitoring, the Russian financial intelligence unit). Major topics covered by the report include:
Alternative remittance system
Money laundering vulnerabilities in the insurance sector
Proceeds from trafficking in human beings and illegal immigration
ML/TF trends and indicators: initial perspectives
FATF-XV (27 February 2004)
The FATF-XV meeting of experts on money laundering and terrorist financing typologies took place in Oaxaca, Mexico, on 17 and 18 November 2003 chaired by Mrs. María de la Concepción Patiño Cestafe, Head of the Dirección General Adjunta de Investigación de Operaciones (DGAIO), the Mexican FIU. FATF members, FATF-style regional bodies, members and international organisations attended. Major topics covered by the report include:
Wire transfers and terrorist financing
Non-profit organisations and links to terrorist financing
The vulnerabilities of the insurance sector to money laundering
Politically exposed persons (PEPs)
The role of “gatekeepers” or non financial professions in money laundering
FATF-XIV (14 February 2003)
The meeting of experts on typologies for FATF-XIV was held in Rome from 19-21 November 2002 under the chairmanship of Dr. Carlo Santini, Director General of the Ufficio Italiano dei Cambi. The major topics of the report are:
Terrorist financing
Money Laundering through the securities sector
The gold and diamond markets
Insurance and money laundering
Credit and debit cards and money laundering
FATF-XIII (1 February 2002)
The FATF-XIII meeting of experts, chaired by Detective Superintendent Bill Bishop, Police National Crime Manager, New Zealand, took place in Wellington, New Zealand, from 19 to 20 November 2001. Major topics covered by the report include:
Terrorist financing
Correspondent banking
Corruption and private banking
Bearer securities and other negotiable instruments
Co-ordinated money laundering among organised crime groups
Introduction of euro banknotes
Suspicious transaction reporting and money laundering cases
FATF-XII (1 February 2001)
The FATF-XII meeting of experts was chaired by Mr. Lars Oftedal Broch, Supreme Court Judge, and took place in Oslo, Norway, from 6 to 7 December 2000. Participation from FATF-style regional bodies was continued and included representatives from twelve jurisdictions. The major topics of the report are:
On-line banking and Internet casinos
Trust, other non-corporate vehicles and money laundering
Lawyers/notaries, accountants and other professionals
The role of cash vs other payment methods in money laundering schemes
Terrorist related money laundering
FATF-XI (3 February 2000)
The FATF-XI meeting of experts took place in Washington, DC, from 18 to 19 November 1999, under the chairmanship of Mr. James Sloan, Director, US Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) [United States]. For the first time, experts from the member jurisdictions of FATF-style regional bodies were invited to participate in the FATF meeting. The primary topics of the report include:
On-line Banking: Distinguishing legitimate banking from money laundering services offered through the Internet.
Alternate Remittance Systems: A world-wide view of their role in money laundering.
Company formation agents and their services.
Trade related activities and money laundering.
Selected case studies.
FATF-X (11 February 1999)
The group of experts for FATF-X met on 17-18 November 1998 in London under the chairmanship of Mr. Simon Goddard, Head of Intelligence, Strategic and Specialist Intelligence Branch, National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) [United Kingdom]. The topics covered by the exercise include:
The single European currency and large denomination banknotes.
Offshore financial centres of non-cooperative countries or territories.
The role of the "foreign legal entity" in money laundering.
New payment technologies.
Potential use of the gold market in money laundering operations.
Selected case studies.
FATF-IX (12 February 1998)
The meeting of experts on typologies for FATF-IX was held in Paris on 19-20 November 1997 under the chairmanship of Mr. Pierre Fond, Deputy Secretary General of TRACFIN [France]. The primary subject areas dealt with in the report include:
New payment technologies: Present status and potential vulnerabilities to money laundering.
Money remittance businesses and activities (both formal and informal).
Other observed trends (insurance, money exchange, cross-border movements, the gold market).
Money laundering and non-financial professions (lawyers, notaries, accountants, company formation agents, real estate, sellers of high-value items).
Selected case studies.
FATF-VIII (6 February 1997)
The FATF-VIII meeting of experts on typologies took place in Paris on 19-20 November 1996 under the chairmanship of Mr. Stanley Morris, Director, US Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) [United States]. Topics covered during the meeting were:
Attempts to estimate the size of the money laundering problem.
Principal sources of illegal proceeds laundered.
Main money laundering methods detected in the banking, non-bank financial institution and non-financial business sectors.
Electronic funds transfers and their vulnerability to money laundering.
New money laundering counter-measures (legislative, regulatory, etc.).
Key money laundering trends in non-FATF members.
FATF-VII (28 June 1996)
The meeting of experts on typologies for FATF-VII was held in Paris on 29-29 November 1995 under the chairmanship of Mr. Jean Spreutels, President, Cellule de Traitement des Informations Financières (CTIF-CFI) [Belgium]. In addition to the primary topics mentioned above for FATF-VIII, the group of experts also examined money laundering trends involving the insurance and securities industries.
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