FATF warns of emerging risks in gaming and gambling and publishes new risk indicators

Paris, 9 September 2026 - The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is alerting countries of how to spot abuse of the gaming and gambling sectors, including criminals using gambling platforms to move money without actually gambling, making multiple small transactions ("smurfing") to avoid detection and unusually large or co-ordinated bets on events flagged for possible competition manipulation.

Analysis by the FATF has identified new opportunities for criminal abuse in the gaming and gambling sectors, following an increase in market size globally, a rise in the use of online platforms, and as payment methods allow rapid, anonymous transactions across borders. 

Based on findings from a recently completed project, the FATF has published new risk indicators to help governments, regulators and private sector entities identify and respond to money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing risks in the rapidly evolving gaming and gambling sectors. 

Drawing on contributions from more than 80 jurisdictions and a range of industry bodies and researchers, the project examined financial crime risks across casinos, gambling activities and video gaming over the course of a year. The project also marks the FATF’s first detailed examination of risks associated with online and illegal gambling.

The project identified illegal gambling as one of the sector's most significant risks. In many jurisdictions, illegal markets rival or even exceed the size of legal gambling markets. 

Illegal gambling operators are prevalent across jurisdictions, regardless of the legal status of gambling or the regulatory frameworks in place. Illegal and unlicensed offshore operators often present themselves as legitimate businesses while offering anonymity and incentives that can attract both consumers and criminal actors.

Technological innovation has expanded activity across online, cross-border and multi-payment platforms, creating increasingly complex ecosystems for regulators and law enforcement. With gaming and gambling activities increasingly interconnected with the wider digital economy, they provide multiple points of access to the formal financial system. Payment systems used in gaming and gambling, such as cash, e-wallets, mobile money and virtual assets, are vulnerable to a range of money laundering risks. 

Gaming and gambling platforms depend on a wide range of related services, including social media platforms, digital marketplaces and software developers. These actors may fall outside existing regulatory frameworks, creating additional opportunities for criminal abuse.

Criminals and illegal operators can exploit differences in regulatory approaches across jurisdictions. These differences can also create barriers to information sharing between private and public sectors and challenges in international co-operation.

The FATF also warns that beneficial ownership shareholding of platforms can be structured to bypass thresholds for regulatory checks, especially when AML/CFT controls and anti-corruption frameworks are weak.

The project also highlights the continued threat of criminal infiltration and exploitation of gaming and gambling operators. Traditional casinos have long been exposed to efforts by organised crime groups to gain ownership or influence over operations, and these risks can be compounded in online environments with complex ownership structures. 

The project identified links between gaming and gambling abuse and a range of other offences, including corruption, cyber-enabled fraud, professional money laundering networks and the use of illegal or unlicensed offshore operators to facilitate criminal activity.

The FATF's new risk indicators and accompanying key findings aim to support public and private sector stakeholders by providing practical guidance to identify, assess and respond to suspicious activity. 

The indicators highlight behavioural, transactional and operational warning signs associated with money laundering and terrorist financing across gaming and gambling activities, helping authorities and industry better detect and disrupt criminal abuse. 

These include the use of multiple accounts and payment methods under different identities, discrepancies between customer and payment information, suspicious identity documents and criminal links involving gambling operators or beneficial owners, including involvement in cyber-enabled fraud and organised crime, suspicious betting and transaction patterns and complex ownership structures that obscure beneficial ownership.

Additional operational material and case studies are available to public authorities through the FATF's secure platform.